Heating apparatus



I. ERSKINE.

HEATJNG APPARATUS. APPLICAHON FILED DEC. 19. late.

1,342,991. PatentedJune8,1926

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1. ERSKINE.

HEATING APPARATUS. APPLICATION mm DEC. I9. I916.

1,342,991 Patented'June s, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3. 5 l6 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES EBSKINE, F JERSEY CITY, NEW,J'EB.SEY, ASSIGNOR T0 WILLIAM H. CRANE COMPANY,

A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

, rrng 'rme- APPARATUS.

To all who-1n. it may concern:

Be it known that I, James Ensxmn, a

citizen of the United States, and a resident it is known that commercial into either jackets or casings.

restrained, will be aggravated b expansion of Jersey City, Hudson county, State of. New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to cooking apEas ratus made of metal, and particularly to t at class which comprises an outer casing pro vided with a spaced lining or jacket, wherein a baking oven is mounted between vertically disposed lines or heat passa es, arranged to convey currents ascen mg to ri ht and left from a burner or other source o heat connected with some lower part of the apparatus.

As heretofore applied, the lining or inner jacket pertaining to stoves or ranges of the class aforesaid was entirely detached or at least received no adequate support from the ovens sides opposite the same, it being merely held at the edges in spaced relation to the casing in order to provide an insulating air stratum interiorly of the latter and also facilitate the upward flow of caloric currents laterally of the oven. Now, sheets of iron, such as are employed for the manufacture of these stoves and ranges, all have a certain slaekness or warp in them, which is not removed while they are being formed This, if ununder .the influence of heat. '1 ierefore, as formerly used, the lining was soon alfected by the currents that) passed up the fines-interveningbetween it and the sides of the oven, and it became undul flexed OIC CllS- torted in one part or anot er. Sometimes the warping would cause the lining to bulge inwardly, and at other times outwardly, according to the lay of the metal sheets composing it. The result of the warping is that it interferes with the proper circulation and distribution of the heat currents, to the extent that it either narrows or widens the fines or passages through which they are flowing. The flow through one line may thus be restricted so that less heat will be conveyed to the adjacent side of the oven than will be'transmittedto the opposite side thereof through the other flue, or the suppl of currents will be otherwise unbalancec, whic li'invariably results in uneven cooking.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J une 8, 1920.

Application filed December 19, 1916. Seriai No. 137,825.

This is a serious defect of the construction previously followed, which it is an object of the present invention to obliterate.

Another object is to provide such means for counteracting the above noted tendency of the lining to warp, in apparatus of the type specified, as not only will insure an even supply of the heat currents on both sides of the oven, but further will serve to graduate the flow of these currents in direct ratio to the height to be reached, so that the heat may be of equal intensity at diiferent levcls within the oven and its action rendered uniform throughout.

With the said objects in view, the invention consists in the novel improvements, parts, combinations, and features of construction herein described, and ilinstrated in their preferred embodiment by the accompanying drawings.

In the said drawings,-

Figure 1 is a front sectional elevation of a gas-range of special design, having an oven apertured for direct admission of heat therein and inclosc l in a casing provided with an inner jacket or lining, to which a suitable form of the invention is applied;

Fig. 2 is a sectional ilan, taken from the irregular line 2--2 of *ig. 1, looking downward in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary View, reproducing the left-hand side of the range as seen in the prcccding figure, but without the improved support for the lining.

*ig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3, showing how the lining will become warped and bulge either in or out, when improperly set up, as before practised;

Fig. 5 is a front sectional elevation of onehalf of a gas-range having an oven of the multiple deck denomination, combined with a jacketed casing of the improved specics herein disclosed; and

Fig. (3 is a similar elevation of the other half of said range, devoid of the improvements.

Referring first in detail to Figs. 1 and 2, it will be seen that the stove re )rescntcd therein is of the conventional quadrangular configuration, consisting cxteriorly of' a body, shell or casing composed of metal sheets, as l1, 12, 13 and 14, which constitute the sides, back, and front thereof, respectively, the front having the usual complellO at 15. ()n the upper end oi this casing is placed a light casting to, which forms a top therefor and is suitably apertured, as at 17, to receive the customary rings, lids, and cross-pieces (not shown). The whole casing is made to rest upon a base 18, which may be raised by means of legs 19, or equivalent corner supports.

The stove shown in the two said. figures is of the single oven type and divided into three main sections, for cooking purposes, to wit: a broiler 24, located. in the bottom part of the said casing; an oven 25, directly above; and an upper heatgenerating chamber 26. The latterniay occupy the entire top part of the casing, and usually is fitted with a cluster of gas-burners, which have no bearing on the present invention and therefore are omitted from the drawings hereto annexed. The broiler and the oven are inner structures, conveniently made of sheet-metal, and both may be formed with integral corrugations 28, 29 on opposite sides, which all'ord runways or guideways for shelves, grids, or slides, such as are ordinarily provided to support the pans or other utensils containing the food to be cooked.

In domestic and other cooking ranges of the species described, a certain method 15 employed for distributing the heat therein, which includes centering the ,oven within the casing to form lateral passages, as 31, 32, of equal width, and having transverse slits 33, 34 in the ovens sides to afford direct communication with these passages. Means are thus provided for the rapid conveyance, of caloric currents. which will heat the oven both exteriorly and inte iorly. If the range contains an oven only, the currents will most conveniently be supplied from the base, by any suitable heating deviee,-not shownand will enter the passages 31., at their lower ends, as indicated by the arrows 35, 36. But, if the range comprises a broiler besides the oven, then the heater preferably located at some middle distance between them, and may consist of one or more gas-burners 37, as shown in the'accompanying drawings. A deflector 38 is placed at the bottom of the oven, directly above this intermediate heater, so that the currents rising from the latter will immediately heled outward into the lateral passages 33, 32, as indicated by the arrows 39, 40. The deflector 38, it will be noted, is suspended at opposite edges from the lowermost corrugations 29 on the ovens sides, and rests thereon. In the form of ran e herein exemplified, the heat currents tliat flow into the oven from the passages 3?, 32, through the slits 33, ascend into a horizontal flue '11, overlying the top of the oven and communicating therewith by means of openings 4' From the due 41, the currents are led to the rear of the range, where a as at Ordinarily, the several walls of the outer casing are lined with similar sl1eet-metal in order to prevent loss of heat by radiation and conserve the caloric intensity of the currents circulating in and about the oven. For this purpose, it is considered advantageous to leave air-spaces between the different walls and their linings, so that the range may remain comparatively cool on the outside, though a strong heat be produced inside, This forms an economical insulation, which is eliective as long as maintained in a fair state of preservation. However, experience has demonstrated that, as they were formerly applied, the linings provided for theside walls of the casing, and forming the outer sides of the heat passages adjacent to the oven, could not long retain their original uniformity of spacing, and soon became subject to buckling in the middle owing to the nature of the sheet-meta utilized, the defective application thereof, and the absence of appropriate support. To overcome these detects, the present inven tion provides an improved form of lining, and a bracing means for this lining designed to impart thereto the requisite warp-resisting qualities, without interfering in any manner with the heat distribution, above outlined.

Plain metal sheets, as 47, -18, are preferably used for the linings of the walls ll and 12 of the casing which face the opposite sides of the broiler 24 and oven :25. At the sides, the lining sheets are preferably bent as shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, first in wardly at right angles to effect a contact with each side of the broiler and oven near the front and rear, and form therewith the passages 31, 32, aforementioned. These pas sages, consequently, are produced by simple apposition of inwardly-bent portions of the lining sheets against the opposite sides of the broiler and oven, constituting rectangular fines functioned to convey the heat currents from the bottom to the upper part of the range. Trans versely, the said passages or fines 31, 32 tend for the full working depth of the oven, or approximately so, as represented in the drawings. Forwardly of the sages, the sheets 47, 48 are made to run for a short distance along the sides of the broiler and oven, where they form parallel abutting strips, as 59. Similar abutting strips, as 61, are fashioned from the sheets rearwardly also, the same extending along side the oven and broiler to a back lining sheet (33, of ordinary type, provided for the rear wall 13 of the casing.

It will be observed that, owing to their peculiar conformation, the linings 47, 48 have each a tliree sided or channeled midsuitable outlet is provided,

the assembled parts lines or pasdie portion, with edges reversely'disposed in hollow columnar arrangement which.to-

ether operate to render them quite stable, irrespective of any fastening or other extraneous support, when standing on end about the broiler and oven within the eas- ,in At the same time, they may be left su 'ciently loose to permit a certain freedom of movement, particularly at the side edges, which of itself is antagonistic to warping. Nevertheless, these side l nings by themselves are unable fully to resist the tendency to buckle due to the wide extent of sheet-metal which is exposed to the heat within the passages 31, 32. The repeated expansion and contraction of the metal would cause them sooner or later to bulge either in or out, as represented by the curved lines in Fig. 4, unless fortified thereagainst by the bracing, anti-warp, heat-distributing instrumentalities hereinbefore referred to and next to be described.

The said bracing instrumentalities include a diaphragmal partition 71, for each side flue or heat passage. In the preferred embodimentof the invention, and as shown, the partition 71 is made from a strip of sheet-metal, placed in the side flue and ar ranged therein transversely of the middle channel of the side lining. This strip is large enough to constitute a blocking device well adapted to prevent distortion of the latter. Such a. strip is conveniently struck out of the oven side or runner fac- 3 5 ing the said channel, and thence drawn laterally outward so as to reach fully across the channel, in contact .with the three sides thereof that pertain to the lining. Or, any other suitable method of producing such 0 strip may be followed. By preference, the strip is cut out of sufficient width to admit of being bent downward at the outer edge, to )roduce a supporting flange 72. through which it can be rigidly secured to the lining on the side opposite the oven, by spot welding or otherwise. The construction is the same on both sides of the oven.

In stoves having a single oven, like that re resented in Fig. 1, it is deemed prefer- 5 abc to locate the said partitions 71 approximately midway between bottom and top flanges 51, 52 of the lining sheets 47, 48. As shown, the partitions are placed parallel to these flanges in the vertical 55 )lane of the channels in the side linings. l)ouble braces are thereby provided, which serve to strengthen the linings at suitable points in a transverse direction and preclude their warping, buckling, or collapsing. Apertures 81 are made in the partitions 71, in order to allow a certain amount of the heat to pass therethrough and reach the upper part of the oven by way of the slits 34-, as the arrows 83, 84 indicate. The 66 remainder of the heat currents, blocked by the solid portions between the apertures, are thereby diverted into the lower or central part of the even through the slits 33, as indicated by the arrows 85. The aperturcd partitions thus are adapted to .perform the additional function of reducin diaphragms, preventing accumulation o the currents at the 11 per ends of the tines 31, 32, and operating instead to divide them between the upper and lower halves of the oven. In the structure herein exemplified, the apertures 81 preferably consist in a line of perforations or slots or passageways disposed longitudinall of each partition, but it is obvious that trey may be of difierent shape and number, and also varied as to location. Of course, their positions and combined areas require to be carefully calculated before the stove or range is sent out for use. since the mount of blocking necesg5 sary in the side fines to insure uniform distribution of the heat in the interior of the oven depends on the aggregate sizes of the apertures and the respective distances there- 'betwecu in each partition. The apportionment of the heati s determined by having one or more apertures of requisite magnitude in each diaphragmatic partition, allowing a certain quantity of the caloric currents to rise to the upper part of the oven through the fines r'ormed by the oven's sides and the inner walls of the jacket or lining sheets. the other portion of the currents being directed into the lower part of the oven by the imperforate sections that constitute the blocking elements of the )ar-' titions. Now, it ismunifest that the ivision of currents would be seriously affected and at once become uneven, it the fines were deformed by the heat causing either one of 10:; their sides to buckle. as the warp would render the flow through them unequal. change the amount of blocking, and alter the predetermined heatdistribution. But, this is obviated by bracing such line with 110 a diaphragmal partition which bears internally edgcwise against all walls thereof. while reducing, the flow through it so as to divide the heat currents evenly between the portions of the oven respectively situ- 115 ated above and below.

In a multiple baking oven, that is, one having a plurality of decks, like that illus tratcd in Figs. 5 and 6. there may be a number of diaphragmal partitions 71, and pref- 120 erably a pair of such partitions for each deck provided, as at 91 9'2, 93, above the ovcns bottom. The partitions have been omitted from Fig. 6, but this was done to establish a. contrast between the structure 125 therein represented and the improved construction appearing in Fig. 5. It is understood that in practice the partitions are duplicated for both sides of the oven, one diaphragmal partition 71 being located at 180 each side of every dack among those specified. In this way in adequate support is obtained for the lining sheets forming part of the side fines or I eat passages, which are thereby prcserveijl from distortion. The metln d followed in constructing the range shown in these figu res is the SIIIIM as that exemplified in the other views, and for that reason similar reference numerals are cmplo ed to designate corresponding parts in the two species of cooking appa ratus selected herein for illustration.

'Ihe superposed partitions in Fig. 5, it will be observed, are formed with apertures 94, 9 5, 96, varying in size in proportion to the height of each. In other words, the sevu'al apertures are progressively increasingin size from the level of the lower deck 91 upward. Preferably, the apertures are lines of perforations or slots or runways similar to those previously described, save that the superlying rows are of graduateu dimensions corresponding to the respective heights of the varirv us partitions. It w ll be readily perceived that each line or row of these graduated {11M rtures allows its own quota of the heat cu'rents to pass through, to wit, a fairly large volume thereof at the lowermost deck, and greater amounts as the ascending curreirs reach one deck after another thereabove. The upward flow of the currents is thus regulated, so that the heat is delivered with the requisite degree of intensity in every part or section of the oven, where it is properly difl'used and acts uniformly upon the '1 00d cooked at the dif fercnt levels.

In its broad 5r aspect the invention is not limited to the precise cdnstruction shown and described, nor to any particular struc ture by which the same may be carried into efiect, as man] changes may he made in the details without departing from the main principles of the invention and without sacrificing its chief advantages.

I claim:

1. A stove including, in crinbination, a casing, an oven disposed therein in spaced relation to the casing, fines for directing heat currents around the ovm, a flue disposed above the oven and communicating with the aforementioned fines, said oven being provided with openings communicating with the lines, and diaphragmal partitions extending across certain oi the Hues and provided with openings grinluated to correspond with the respective heights of the partitions in the fines.

2. A store including, 'in combination, a casing, an oven therein provided with openings, a lining for said casing formed with passages for heat currents around the oven, a fine disposed above the oven and provided with openin' s communicating with the oven, means for (irecting heat currents into the oven and out throu h the top thereof, and partitions between t e oven and the lining and provided with openings graduated in size to correspond to their respective heights.

3. A stove including, in combination, a casing, an oven disposed therein in spaced relation to the casing, fines for directing heat currents around the oven, a. top line disposed above the oven and communicating with the aforementioned fines, said even be ing provided with openings communicating with the fiues, diaphra ma] partitions extending across certain o the lines and provided with openings graduated to correspond with the respective heights in the fines, and means for directing a portion of the heat currents into the oven and a portion through openings in the diaphragm.

4. stove including, in combination, a casin an oven disposed therein, side and end was disposed around the oven, e flue disposed above the oven, said oven being provided with openings communicating with the fines, diaphragms disposed in proximity to certain of the openings in the oven and between the oven and the casing, said dia' phragms being provided with openings gradnoted to correspond to their respective heights in the fines, and means for directing a portion of the heat currents throu h the openings into the oven, out throng to thereof and down around the oven.

in testimony whereof] have signed my name to this specification.

JAMES ERSKINE.

the r 

